lunes, 2 de noviembre de 2009

Pàgina dedicada a les cultures del món, sigui quina sigui la seva religió, cultura, llengua, geografia..
Blog obert a tots i totes. Sense fer diferencia de colors de pell i orígens.

Página dedicada a las culturas del mundo,sea cual sea su religión, su cultura,lengua, geografía...
Blog abierto a todos y a todas. Sin hacer diferencia de colores de piel y orígenes.

Blog dedicated to everybody, without differences between skins or cultures. More dedicated to languages, dances and traditional literatures.

Блог создан для всех независимо от цвета кожи и культуры. В основном посвящен языкам, танцам и традиционной литературе. Открыт для всех.

miércoles, 28 de octubre de 2009

Proto Uralic Language

English Proto-Uralic Finnish Estonian North Sami Erzya Mari Komi Khanty Mansi Hungarian Nenets
'fire' *tuli tuli tuli dolla tol tul tyl- - - - tu
'fish' *kala kala kala guolli kal kol - kul kul hal xalʲa
'nest' *pesä pesä pesa beassi pize pəžaš poz pel pitʲii fészek pʲidʲa
'hand, arm' *käti käsi käsi giehta ked´ kit ki köt kaat kéz -
'eye' *śilmä silmä silm čalbmi śel´me šinča śin sem sam szem sæw°
'fathom' *süli syli süli salla sel´ šülö syl ɬöl täl öl tʲíbʲa
'vein / sinew' *sïxni suoni soon suotna san šün sën ɬan taan ín te'
'bone' *luwi luu luu - lovaža lu ly loγ luw - le
'liver' *mïksa maksa maks - makso mokš mus muγəl maat máj mud°
'urine' *kunśi kusi kusi gožža - kəž kudź kos- końć- húgy -
'to go' *meni- mennä minema mannat - mija- mun- mən- men- megy-/men- mʲin-
'to live' *elä- elää elama eallit - ila- ol- - - él- jilʲe-
'to die' *kaxli- kuolla koolema - kulo- kola- kul- kol- kool- hal- xa-
'to wash' *mośki- - mõskma1 - muśke- muška- myśky- - - mos- masø-

Els nenets:



The Nenets people (ethnonym in Nenets language : ненэця; Russian name: ненцы) are an indigenous people in Russia. According to the latest census in 2002, there are 41,302 Nenets in the Russian Federation, most of them living in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Nenets Autonomous Okrug. They speak the Nenets language.

Due to a false etymology,[1] the name Samoyed entered the Russian language as a corruption of the self-reference Saamod, Saamid (the Samoyedic suffix "-d" denotes plurality. In Russian ethnographic literature of 19th century, they were also called "Самоядь", "Самодь", (samoyad', samod', samodijtsy, samodijskie narody) which was often transliterated into English as Samodi.

The literal morphs samo and yed in Russian convey the meaning "self-eater", which appears as derogatory. Therefore the name Samoyed quickly went out of usage in the 20th century, and the people bear the name of Nenets, which means "man".

When reading old Russian documents, it is necessary to keep in mind that the term samoyed' was often applied indiscriminately to different peoples of Northern Siberia who speak different Uralic languages: Nenets, Nganasans, Enets, Selkups (speakers of Samoyedic languages). Currently, the term "Samoyedic peoples" applies to the whole group of different peoples. It is the general term which includes Nenets, Enets people, Selkup people and Nganasan people.

Nenets are just a part of the Samoyedic peoples. Sometimes their name is spelled as Nenet, probably because of the erroneous assumption that the terminal 's' is for the plural number.

Reindeer in Taymyr Town


Reindeer rest by sleds in a small town of Yar-Sale, Yamal Peninsula, in Taymyria, northern Siberia. Taymyria is an autonomous okrug (national area) of Russia and is home to native peoples such as the Dolgans and the Nenetsi. By tradition, these peoples are nomadic reindeer herders.

Sakha, Siberia


Snow-covered peaks of the Chersky Range dominate stands of taiga (northern coniferous forest) near Oymyakon, in eastern Sakha. Sakha, also known as Yakutia, in eastern Siberia, is the largest of the republics of Russia.

Finno-Ugric Languages:

Within the Finno-Ugric languages, there are two major groups, the Finnic languages and the Ugric languages. Languages of the Finnic branch are spoken in the region between northern Norway and the White Sea, the whole of Finland, Estonia and parts of Russia. The main language of the Finnic branch is Finnish, with over 5.5 million speakers in Finland, Sweden, Russia and the United States. Estonian is spoken by over 1 million people, mainly in Estonia. Around 25,000 people speak Sami (formerly known as Lappish) in the north of Scandinavia.

The main language of the Ugric branch is Hungarian (or Magyar) with nearly 11 million speakers in Hungary and a further 3 million speakers in surrounding areas and through emigration. Two other Ugric languages are Khanty (or Ostyak), with over 13,000 speakers and Mansi (or Vogul), with around 3,000 speakers. Both of these languages are spoken east of the Urals, around the River Ob.

The remaining Finno-Ugric languages are spoken within Russia. Karelian, Vepsian, Ingrian, Livonian, and Votic are spoken in the Kola Peninsula in the north, and southwards towards the Gulf of Riga. Of these, Karelian is the most widespread with over 100,000 speakers. Vepsian has some 2,000 speakers. Ingrian, Livonian, and Votic all have very few speakers, and may not survive for long.

Further in Russia, scattered around the central Volga, are Mordvin (or Erza), Mari (or Cheremis), Udmurt (or Votyak), and Komi (or Zyryan). Mordvin is the most widely used, with 800,000 speakers. Mari is spoken by over 600,000, Udmurt by over 500,000 and Komi by approximately 250,000 people.

lunes, 19 de octubre de 2009

The Last Livonian

Viktor Berthold, who was probably the last Livonian speaker of the generation who learnt Livonian as a first language in a Livonian-speaking family and community, died on February 28th 2009.

Born in 1921 in Latvia, Viktor Berthold spoke only Livonian, a Finno-Ugric language, until starting school, where the language of instruction was Latvian. He was part of the last generation of to grow up with Livonian as a native language and subsequent generations were raised speaking Latvian.

During World War II Berthold, unlike most Livonian men, managed to avoid being mobilized in the armies of either occupation force by hiding in the woods. After the war Berthold worked in various professions and shared his knowledge of Livonian language with many field linguists, and in the 1990s he also taught Livonian in children's summer camps.

Berthold's last Livonian-speaking family members, his brother and his wife, died in the 1990s. In the early 2000s, many other prominent "last Livonians" also passed away. These include Poulin Klavin (1918-2001), keeper of many Livonian traditions and the last Livonian to reside permanently on the Courland coast, and Edgar Vaalgamaa (1912-2003), clergyman in Finland, translator of the New Testament and author of a book on the history and culture of the Livonians ("Valkoisen hiekan kansa", Jyväskylä 2001).

The survival of the Livonian language now depends on young Livonians who, in the best case, may have learnt Livonian in their childhood from grandparents or great-grandparents of the pre-war generations. There are not very many of them, but all in all, there are a few hundred ethnic Livonians in Latvia now who are interested in their Livonian roots. Some young Livonians not only sing folk-songs in Livonian but even strive at actively using Livonian in everyday communication.

Can Minority Languages Be Saved? Globalization vs. Culture

by Eric Garland

The increasing mobility of people, goods, and information has driven a powerful trend toward cultural uniformity and the extinction of local languages. But languages that have young people, business, and government on their side are alive and thriving.

Globalized economics and media are changing the face of culture around the globe, reducing the number of languages that humans speak. As the world economy becomes more integrated, a common tongue has become more important than ever to promote commerce, and that puts speakers of regional dialects and minority languages at a distinct disadvantage. In addition, telecommunications has pressured languages to become more standardized, further squeezing local variations of language.

Over the past 500 years, as nationstates developed and became more centralized, regional dialects and minority languages have been dominated by the centrist dialects of the ruling parties. Cornish has given way to English, Breton to French, Bavarian to High German, and Fu-jian-wa to Cantonese. Linguists concur that minority languages all over the world are giving way to more dominant languages, such as English, Mandarin, and Spanish, among others. The realities of commerce and the seductive power of world pop culture are placing pressure on speakers of minority languages to learn majority languages or suffer the consequences: greater difficulty doing business, less access to information, etc.

These pressures are inducing a rapid die-off of languages around the world. Languages have been disappearing steadily, with 3,000 of the world's languages predicted to disappear in the next 100 years. According to the United Nations Environment Program, there are 5,000 to7,000 spoken languages in the world, with 4,000 to 5,000 of these classed as indigenous, used by native tribes. More than 2,500 are in danger of immediate extinction, and many more are losing their link with the natural world, becoming museum pieces rather than living languages.

Futurists have noted this loss with no little despair, for significant, culturally specific information may disappear along with a language. For instance, knowledge about unique medicines and treatments used by aboriginal groups could be lost forever if the language used to transmit that information is banned by a majority culture.

The common wisdom is that globalization is the wave of the future, and in many respects this is undeniable. However, swept up in this conventional wisdom is the notion that languages and cultures will simply cease to exist, and people will instead choose "global" cultures and languages that will transcend boundaries.

martes, 13 de octubre de 2009

Pàgina dedicada a les cultures del món, sigui quina sigui la seva religió, cultura, llengua, geografia..
Blog obert a tots i totes. Sense fer diferencia de colors de pell i orígens.

Página dedicada a las culturas del mundo,sea cual sea su religión, su cultura,lengua, geografía...
Blog abierto a todos y a todas. Sin hacer diferencia de colores de piel y orígenes.

Blog dedicated to everybody, without differences between skins or cultures. More dedicated to languages, dances and traditional literatures.

Блог создан для всех независимо от цвета кожи и культуры. В основном посвящен языкам, танцам и традиционной литературе. Открыт для всех.

lunes, 12 de octubre de 2009

ALFABETO KARELIKO

A a B b Č č D d E e F f G g
H h I i J j K k L l M m N n
O o P p R r S s Š š Z z Ž ž
T t U u V v Y y Ä ä Ö ö

TEXTOS Y ENLACES PARA LAS LENGUAS URALICAS:



ERZYA
(Эрзянь кель)

Ки? - Кто?
Мезе? - Что?
Кить? - Кто? (во мн. числе)
Мезть? - Что? (во мн. числе)
Те ки? / Это кто?
Те тейтерне. / Это девочка.


http://www.info-rm.com/er/index.php
http://www.erzia.saransk.ru/
http://www.erzan.ru/news/paragraf-2-omboce-tonavtpelksjes

KOMI (Коми)

Тайö книга

'Это книга'.

Тайö школа.

'Это школа

Тайö керка.

'Это дом'.

Тайö улöс, а тайö пызан

'Это стул, а это стол'



http://www.geocities.com/Athens/2282/komi.html
http://foto11.com/komi/vocabular/index.htm

KHANTY (Ханты)

# Khanty Hungarian
1 yit, yiy egy
2 katn, kat kettő, két
3 xutəm három
4 nyatə négy
5 wet öt
6 xut hat
7 tapət hét
8 nəvət nyolc
9 yaryaŋ (short of ten?) kilenc
10 yaŋ tíz
20 xus húsz
30 xutəmyaŋ (3 tens) harminc
100 sot száz

http://www.policy.hu/filtchenko/project.htm
http://www.survivalinternational.org/
http://www.policy.hu/filtchenko/Documenting%20Eastern%20Khanty/


MANSIS (Маньси/Man'si)
# Mansi Hungarian
1 аква (akʷa) egy
2 китыг (kitiɣ) kettő
3 хурум (χūrəm) három
4 нила (ńila) négy
5 ат (at) öt
6 хот (χōt)) hat
7 сат (sāt) hét
8 нёллов (ńololow) nyolc
9 онтэллов (ontolow) kilenc
10 лов (low) tíz
20 хус (χus) húsz
100 сат (sāt/janiɣsāt) száz
1000 сотэр (sōtər) ezer


http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/mansis.shtml
http://lingsib.unesco.ru/en/round_table/papers/lalaeva.shtml.htm
http://russia.rin.ru/guides_e/4695.html

MARI (кырык мары йӹлмӹ / олык марий йылме)

  • По́ро ке́че/Póro kéče - Good day
  • Ку́гу та́у/Kúgu táu - Thank you (very much)
  • ик, кок, кум, ныл, вич/ik, kok, kum, nəl, vič - one, two, three, four, five
  • куд, шым, канда́ш, инде́ш, лу/kud, šəm, kandáš, indéš, lu - six, seven, eight, nine, ten
  • мут/mut - word
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mari_language
http://mari-el.in/
http://www.uta.fi/~km56049/mari/indexmari.html

MOKSHA (мокшень кяль)

  • И́на/Ina – Да - Yes
  • Э́ле/Elä – Да - Yes
  • Пара/Para – Ладно. - Good
  • Аф/Af – Не. - Not.
  • Аш/Ash – Нет. - No.
  • Шумбра́т!/Shumbrat! – Здравствуй! - Hello! (addressing one person)
  • Шумбра́тада! /Shumbratada! – Здравствуйте! - Hello! (addressing more than one person)
  • Сюк(пря)! /Sjuk(prä)! – Привет! ("поклон"), Добро пожаловать! - Hi! (Welcome!)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moksha_language
http://www.torama.ru/index.php3?pg=voc

UDMURT (удмурт кыл/udmurt kyl)

толъёс кузесь toljos kuźeś ("the winters are cold")
ӵилкит čilkit means "cleanliness", "clean", and "clearly"
туннэ киӵе нунал? tunne kiče nunal? ("What day is it today?")
тӥ палан нюлэсъёс ваня? ti palan ńulesjos vańa? ("At you (plur.), are there forests?")


http://uralistica.ning.com/
http://home.udmnet.ru/udmurt_kyl/
http://fulib.ru/eng/?item=u&l=2
http://www.uta.fi/~km56049/mari/mariengvocab.html

KARELIAN (Karjalan kieli)

Jiägiä tervehekse! - До свидания!
Passibo! Kiitos! - Спасибо!
Hüviä päiviä! - Добрый день!
Prostikkua! Andakkua andiekse! - Извините!
Pagizettogo omua kiedü? - Вы говорите по-карельски?
Leibü suolu süöjile ! - Приятного аппетита!
Hivia uuttu vuottu! - С Новым годом!
Da, Niin - да.
Еi - нет.


http://www.finnougoria.ru/community/folk/6/detail.php?IBLOCK_ID=46&SECTION_ID=344&ELEMENT_ID=2212
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/4280/tuatto.html
http://www.ethnologue.org/show_language.asp?code=krl
http://sanakniigu.onego.ru/index.php?lan=rus
http://opastajat.karelia.ru/psu/bogdanova/kirjaimet.html
http://www.veps.de/Sanasto/

NENETS
(Ненэця’ вада/Nenėcjaˀ vada)

ŋob
‘one’, syidya ‘two’, nyax°r ‘three’, tyet° ‘four’, səmp°lyaŋk° (in European dialects səm°lyaŋk°) ‘five’, mət°q ‘six’, syíqw° ‘seven’, syid°ntyet° ‘eight’, xasu-yúq (Eastern xasawa-yúq) ‘nine’, yúq (Eastern also lúca-yúq) ‘ten’, yur ‘hundred’, yon°r ‘thousand’


http://www.helsinki.fi/~tasalmin/tn.html
http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/nenets.shtml

VIDEO DE LAS CULTURAS URALICAS




http://www.omniglot.com/writing/